I’ve written before about my father’s best friend when he was growing up.  They both lived in the little dusty west Texas town of Truscott, but since their school burned down, they were bused to the nearby town of Crowell.  It was there at the Crowell high school that my father met my mother.

     The options were limited in that small town if you wished to take your girl on a date. Fortunately,  C. J.’s  father had a car and let his son use it, and he would drive my father and mother all about.  I have seen photos of all of them on the bridge over the North Wichita River, laughing and having fun. My father with his football letter jacket and a white scarf about his neck, standing besides my smiling mother, my father and C.J. standing with their arms about each other’s shoulders. There also photos of my dad and C.J. in their football uniforms. Dad played quarterback his senior year and C.J. fulback.  My mother was a cheerleader.

      Both my father and C.J. graduated from High School on a Friday, and on Monday, both left for their military training, my father into the army and eventually the army/airforce, and C.J. into the marines. My father survived the war, whereas C.J. died a hero’s death on the black sands of Iwo Jima (Fifth Marine Division), winning the Navy Cross, and leaving a hole in both of my parent’s lives.  My father is 86 and has lived a long, loving life, whereas C.J. died  (KIA Kelton, C.J. Pfc 5th Tank 5th Feb 22, 1945, Iwo Jima) at the age of 20 and his bones have lain in those dark volcanic sands of Iwo Jima for 65 years.

     And why do I write about C.J. Kelton now?  It is Memorial Day, and when I thought of whom I should hold in my memory for this day, I thought of C.J.  Fortunately, I have had no recent member of my family who has died while serving their country.

      I remember hearing about C.J. when I was about four years old, about how my father’s best friend died in “the war.”  I never thought much about him again until a few years ago when putting together comments by my mother and father, I learned more about him and wanted to know more about this young man who was so well liked by both of my parents.  My mother always talked about how sweet and good he was.  Also I was struck by the contrast between him and my father.  Both were from similar backgrounds and had similar lives, but C.J.’s life and future were cut so cruelly short.  I often wondered what would have happened if he had lived and had come back from that cruel war and had a family.  I have wondered about his mother and father and siblings that he left behind.  What has become of them?  Perhaps I shall never know.  I have searched online for any mention of his death, and today I found this:

*KELTON, C.J.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to C.J. Kelton (870869), Private First Class, U.S. Marine Corps (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty while serving with the Fifth Tank Battalion, Division Service Troops, FIFTH Marine Division, in action against enemy Japanese forces at Iwo Jima, Volcano Islands, on 22 February 1945. With his platoon command tank struck and set afire by hostile shellfire during a perilous advance northward against a fanatic, determined enemy, Private First Class Kelton promptly dismounted from his own vehicle and braved the enemy’s shattering 47-mm. antitank, mortar and small-arms fire in a valiant attempt to rescue the entrapped crew. Boldly pressing forward under the withering barrage, he crossed the 25-yard open area and unhesitatingly entered the blazing tank and then, working tirelessly and with superb courage, personally extricated two of the three wounded men from the tank and carried them back to his own vehicle despite the incessant shellfire. By his daring initiative, outstanding fortitude and grave concern for the safety of others at great risk to his own life, Private First Class Kelton contributed to the saving of three fellow Marines who otherwise might have perished and his self-sacrificing efforts throughout upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander in Chief, Pacific Forces: Serial 32446 (July 12, 1945)
Born: at Kanima, Oklahoma
Home Town: Truscott, Texas http://www.homeofheroes.com/members/02_NX/citations/03_wwii-nc/nc_06wwii_usmcH.html

ANNA’S HUMMINGBIRD A male Anna’s Hummingbird showing his bright, irridescent gorget.  This color is not contained in any pigment in the feathers, but is caused by the refraction of the light which is caused by the physical structure of the feathers.

ANNA’S HUMMINGBIRD  A side view of the same Anna’s Hummingbird. The gorget on his chin appears black now as the angle of the light changes and is no longer refracted.

       While leaping along some volcanic rocks on a Pacific beach in Guanacaste province in Costa Rica, I dropped my camera into a tide pool.    It was only underwater for a second before I snatched it out.  I immediately dried it with my bandana, took the lens off and opened the battery compartment, looked inside and saw it was all dry.  Apparently some water got in,  possibly through the control knobs and buttons, because it wouldn’t work.  It appeared that everything turned on fine, but the release switch to take the photograph wouldn’t work.

     After investigating I found that to clean and possibly repair the camera would cost more than I was willing to pay (especially since such cameras could not always be repaired, but you would have to pay to find out), so I decided to get another camera along with a lens which I have had my eye on for a long time.  This lens was the Nikkor 18-200mm lens with vibration reduction which allows the shooter to take photos at lower speeds.  Of course with telephoto lens this vibration reduction (VR) would especially come in handy.  The lack of some sort of telephoto lens on the Costa Rica trip was frustrating since other people were getting great bird shots with their telephotos, whereas I had to be satisfied with my 18-55 mm!  Some people have accused me of dunking my camera into the salt water so I would have the excuse of getting a new camera.  I totally deny this…at least it wasn’t a conscious action.

    Anyway I have found that for the first time, I am able to take half-way decent photos of birds.  I say for the first time although back in the early seventies I had a cheap Spiratone 400mm lens ($34!) which was half the length of my arm and which you had to manually stop down after focusing with the lens wide open.  It didn’t have a vibration reduction mode incorporated in the lens of course, and the photos I took were usually blurry.

   This past Thursday I went down to the local park by the waters of Puget Sound where this little male Anna’s Hummingbird has been hanging about for the past 3 or 4 years and was able to take these shots shown above.  You can check this site for more.  The little male would turn his head back and forth which would cause his brilliant gorget to flash on and off like a neon light as the light angle varied.  This is the same fella whose “chirping” displays I talked about before.

Central America is the site of contending crustal plates–notably the Cocos Plate in the Pacific Ocean which is being subducted beneath the Caribbean Plate right off the western coast of central america at a rate of 72-81 mm/yr.  It’s this area where the Central   America Volcanic Arc exists which forms the volcanoes of Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica (See photo above of Volcan Arenal).  To the north there is the North America Plate which is moving to the west at about 20 mm per year resultng in further seismic turmoil.  Then to the east the North American plates dives beneath the Caribbean plate as does the South American plate to the south.

     South America was part of the great southern land mass, Gonwanaland.  When it drifted away from the rest of the southern continents it remained in relative isolation for over sixty million years.  Once the link between North and South America was established there was a great influx of North American fauna into South America and vice versa to  a lesser extent.  The great marsupial fauna of South America died off mostly as did other less successful groups.  Some of the South American biota moved into North America.  Central America remains today one of the most biologically diverse areas in the world.

    Costa Rica and the rest of the isthmus has acted as a filter bridge in this great migratory process that really picked up steam only three million years ago when the connection was complete between North and South America.  The diverse topography of Costa Rica has resulted in refugia where species could still live after dying out in other areas.  This combined with the species from the north and from the south has resulted in a tremendous amount of biotic diversity in this small area.

    It is estimated that in this small country there are 500,000 to 1,000,000 species of plants and animals with most remaining unknown.  Insects by themselves make up about half of this diversity, whereas 850 species of birds can be found–about ten percent of all known species of birds.  North America has about half that number.  Others estimate about 160 species of amphibians, 220 species of reptiles and about 10% of all known butterflies.

   And all this in the second smallest Central American Nation (El Salvador is the smallest).  Only 119 km across at the narrowest point in the south and 280 km wide at its broadest point, it is quite easy to drive across the country in about five hours.  Solely in the tropical latitudes it still exhibits a broad range of distinct climate zones (12). 

The eastern Caribbean side is the wettest whereas the western pacific slopes are the driest. When I visited the Pacific coast area of Costa Rica (Guanacaste), the hills and countryside was covered with trees devoid of leaves.  It was strange seeing black howler monkeys sitting in leafless trees.  This was in sharp contrast to the rainforest on the Caribbean coast.   Most areas have a rainy season, or “green season,”  (May-November) and a dry season (December-April) with the rainfall almost everywhere following a predictable schedule.  Usually the highland ridges are wet with the windward sides being the wettest.

This is Concepcion, a volcano,  forming part of an island (Ometepe)  in the middle of Lake Nicarauga. It was putting forth steam and smoke just as our plane flew over. There was a heavier cloud of material that you can just see on the other side of the volcano which was proceeding down the NW slope towards the small communities just seen on the margin of the island.  This sort of thing must be common, because right at this time the pilot announced that we were beginning our descent into San Jose, Costa Rica without even mentioning that there was an erupting volcano just below us!   The last eruption is said to have occurred last December with gas and ash rising 150 meters into the air.  Maybe the above photo doesn’t depict an eruption?  Hmm…looks like it goes at least 150 meters into the air.  Addendum:  I just found this site which I quote:

“On 8 March [just when we were passing over!] an ash and gas plume from Concepción rose to 2,100 metres altitude and light ashfall was reported in nearby communities. Low levels of seismic activity and occasional small explosions producing light ashfall were reported during subsequent days. On 12 March Washington VAAC issued a volcanic ash advisory reporting an eruption producing an ash cloud that reached FL100 (10,000 feet / 3,000 metres altitude). According to news reports there were two further explosions on 14 March. No casualties or damage resulted, although civil defence alerts remained in place for communities around the volcano. The Nicaraguan geological service INETER described the volcano on 19 March as ‘practically in a full eruptive phase’, with 34 explosions between 18:00 on 17 March and 11:45 on 18 March. On 19 March it was reported that the Nicaraguan government was sending army and navy units to the area around Concepción to strengthen civil defence preparations and prepare evacuation routes, ‘just in case’. The location of Concepción, on the island of Ometepe in Lake Nicaragua, makes floods and tsunamis a potential danger if the volcano were to erupt.

However, shortly afterwards activity at the volcano began to decline, with INETER reporting on 22 March that degassing and seismic activity had fallen to low levels in comparison with the preceding days. On 24 March INETER confirmed a ‘considerable reduction in activity’ but reported continuing ‘anomalous’ levels of seismicity. The current situation is that activity remains low, but the volcano continues to be carefully monitored.”

The northern end of Lake Managua in Nicaragua. Note the line of  steaming volcanoes.  Lake Managua is just to the north of Lake Nicaragua.

     I’ve never been on a tour before.  I’ve always looked down on them for some reason.  However,  I’ll be leaving tomorrow night to meet my father in Houston where we will fly down and tour Costa Rica.  Not like the Panama trip a few years ago when we made up our own itinerary and travel plans, but a conducted tour which provides all the meals, lodging and travel arrangments.  It looks like it will be lots of fun and I am looking forward to it.  I have always had a hankering to go to Costa Rica ever since I turned down a chance to spend a year in that country studying lizards–and getting paid doing it.

    I hope to be reporting on the trip, if not as I go, at least when I get back.

   My father returned home from the hospital today!  He had open heart surgery last Monday (Jan 25) which went very well.  I guess they said that he could have gone home yesterday (Friday), but he said he wasn’t ready to leave yet!  Four days seems like a very short stay after such major surgery, but I guess that is the norm now if the patient is doing well.  He was in ICU until Wednesday.  He is at my sister’s place where he will stay for about the next two weeks as he recovers.  I sincerely thank everybody for their prayers and good wishes.

     Needless to say I am very relieved and overjoyed that he is doing so well.  He has never had any sort of major illness, no surgery, and as a child, I can’t remember him ever being sick.   His experience which seemed to come out of the blue with no warning (good cholesterol levels, blood pressure about 120/70, etc) makes me much more determined to live the sort of lifestyle that precludes such problems–exercise, proper diet, etc.

     Last Thursday (Jan 21)  my father had some chest pain after returning from the store.  It wouldn’t go away,  and soon my father realized that this wasn’t the normal discomfort that he sometimes felt from the acid reflux which he sometimes has.  Then he did something out of character–he asked his next door neighbor to call an ambulance.

    I understand how out of character this was for him, because I am just like my father in many ways.  We both would tend to ignore pain until it became overwhelming, and for him to ask for an ambulance shows that it was something out of the ordinary.   I am still surprised that he did this and didn’t try to drive to the emergency room by himself.  It just goes to show that he was experiencing something out of the ordinary and that he is much smarter than I am.

     The next morning he had an angiogram and instead of a stent which they thought he might need, they found he had two coronary arteries which showed some blockage.  He would need double bypass surgery.  The interesting thing is that they found that his EKG was normal.  A slight elevation of heart enzymes showed that he had a mild heart attack also.

    My father will be 86 in March and has always been extremely healthy.  The doctor, one of the best in the Dallas area, said that he doesn’t consider the patient’s age in considerating this procedure, but their health, and that my father was otherwise in excellent health.

     The operation will take place at 7:15 am CST tomorrow.  I’d appreciate any kind thoughts or prayers sent my father’s way.

     Recently I was going through my chest-of-drawers in a long-delayed effort to clean them out.   As I sorted through some of the clothes I realized that my entire way of thinking about clothes has changed over the years.  I have always kept any clothes that I had until they literally fell apart or were outgrown.  After I reached adulthood, I would go for years without a size change, so I ended up with some very old clothes.

   I found to my chagrin and horror that there were clothes here that I acquired back in another era of my life.   Here was a t-shirt that I bought for a dollar in a street fair on Massachusetts street in Lawrence, Kansas back in 1972!  And here was a t-shirt that I had bought at about the same time that had the “ecology flag” emblazoned on the front.  I remember wearing that shirt on a Mammalogy field trip to Dodge City, Kansas in ’71.  In the back of the drawer I pulled out more relics of bygone times.

        One was a white undershirt with a picture of a duck riding a football and with the inscription “The Ducks Take to the Air” printed on it.  I remember somebody I knew who was leaving the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon in the summer of 1977 and was about to throw the shirt away and offered it to me.  I took it of course.   Here was a peculiar fuzzy sweater that I had received as a gift for Christmas in 1972.  And there in the back corner of the drawer was a t-shirt, stained with the smoke from an apartment fire that I had in ’81 which I remember buying in the summer of 1965!

    I gathered all these past mementos up preparatory to throwing them away or giving them to Good Will.  I put them into a gym bag which my grandparents had given me in 1962.  To this I added an old pillow which I had never liked which I had acquired for green stamps in the fall of 1967.  I sat there looking at the pitiful pile of stuff that I would never use again.  I busied myself with newer clothes that I never wore.  Afterwards I came back to the pile of old stuff.

    I put these all away again, telling myself that perhaps I would throw them out during the next cleaning.  For some reason the longer I possess something, the harder it is to get rid of it.  My New Years resolution is to get rid of new clothes— less than fifteen years old or so.

     It is Christmas Eve, 11:55 pm, and I am alone at work, getting ready to go out into the frosty night.  Once again I think back on past times with my family as I have many times before.  I haven’t posted much lately because I have been working so many long hours, but soon it will be all back to normal.  Merry Christmas to All!

      I was wondering why people were staring at me at the Mississippi visitor’s center last summer after I had pulled off Interstate 10.  I checked my zipper, nope…wiped my nose, nope nothing there, then I realized that I was wearing two pairs of glasses, one low down on my nose and the other right above it. 

       I have always had excellent eyesight, never needing glasses…until a few years back.  More than a few years actually.  Presbyopia is an ailment that inflicts many people as the lens of the eye looses its flexibility and can no longer accomodate close vision.   When this condition got to the point that I could ignore it no longer, I bought two expensive pairs of glasses.  “Over a hundred dollars for the frames?” I almost shouted in disbelief to the clerk.  “I can get a pair of sunglasses for a few dollars that has perfectly good frames!”

     “Oh no!,” she said, horrified, “these glasses are much finer, much lighter and stronger.”  So I ended up spending several hundred dollars for two pairs of glasses.  Years later I realize that…I was absolutely right, and was foolish to have bought such thin frames that snapped the first time any pressure was put upon them, and I never did get used to the bifocals.

     Now I get my glasses at a place that has satisfied my needs in many ways, and I have never had second thoughts about the glasses that I buy there—the Dollar Tree.  I buy glasses for close work for one dollar with a diopter value of about 2.5.  I also found that recently I have problems seeing far away–especially when driving at night, and I found that these one dollar glasses with a diopter of about 1.25 are great for seeing far away.  I even found some sunglasses with a diopter value of 1.25 which are great on sunny days.  These glasses work wonderfully well and are durable.  I have some that I’ve had for years, and I usually never have any problems with them unless I sit on them.

      So that day as I was driving down I-10 I was wearing my “far away glasses” (1.25) and doing perfectly fine until I needed to look down at the speedometer or something else on the dash board like the radio controls, and then I needed my “close up” (2.5) glasses.  Both were hanging about my neck by cords, and I found that by placing the close up glasses low on my nose and my far away glasses up higher on my nose, I could switch back and forth with no problems.  However, I had neglected to pull one off my nose when I went into the visitor’s center.  

        I found that method works very well, but I haven’t quite overcome the attention I get when I do it, so I usually only do it at home.  However, I have left the diopter labels on the lenses in order to tell the glasses apart, and I always get comments such as:  “You still have the label on your glasses.”  “I know,” I reply,  “And I still have the label on this one,” pointing to the other one hanging about my neck.

When I reached the beach on my walk two Sundays ago, I saw a large black body out in the water, then a great fin protruding above the surface.  At first I was confused as to what I was seeing,  then everything clicked into place, and I realized that I was watching a pod of Orca or Killer Whales coursing north through the narrows of Puget Sound.  I immediately began shouting with excitement.  Not only was this the first time that I had ever seen these magnificent creatures, but they are rarely seen this far south in the sound.  They had just passed the park which I was in and were taking their time on their way north, their backs and fins protruding above the water.  I stood there watching them until they disappeared.  Then I realized that I had been the only one shouting, but I felt blessed and full of energy.

The Killer Whale got its name from the fact that it often was observed eating whales, but there are at least three different groups or Orcas which seem to have specialized in either fish and squid eating, and those which eat almost exclusively marine mammals.  I was tremendously excited after seeing the Orcas pass, and while musing on them I was curiously reminded of the end of the universe.

I was reminded of the death of the universe by the fact that Killer Whales occupy the top of their food chain, and thus their numbers and biomass are severely limited by the Second Law of Thermodynamics which basically says that energy tends to go from ordered states to disordered states, and during any transfer of energy some energy is lost to the system (converted to heat).  Thus every time a cow eats its supper (plants) roughly 90% of the energy in the plants is converted to heat and lost to the system (ecosystem in this case).  So consider the following marine food chain scenario:

phytoplankton (100%)—->zooplankton(10%)—->small fish(1%)—->larger fish(.1%)—->seals(.01%)—–>Killer Whales(.001%)

Suppose the phytoplankton by means of photosynthesis captures a certain amount of energy from the sun.  We’ll say this amount of energy is 100%.  This represents what we start out with in this food chain.  The zooplankton (small floating animals) eat the phytoplankton, but about 90% of the available energy is lost, so the zooplankton only ends up with 10% of what we started with.  Then the small fish eat the zooplankton and the same thing happens, 90% is lost and the small fish end up with 1% of the original amount.  And so on…until we end up with the Killer Whales which in this example will end up with only 1/100,000 of what we started with–all due primarily to the Second Law of Thermodynamics!   Not much energy is available to the top predators in food chains.

Or consider this alternate food chain:

phytoplankton (100%)—->zooplankton(10%)—->Great Blue Whales (1%)

The Great Blue Whales by eating much lower on the food chain (zooplankton: krill mostly), theoretically has 1% of the energy with which we started–a thousand times more potential energy than is available for the Killer Whales!  So theoretically the biomass of Great Blue Whales could be as much as the total biomass for the small fish in the first food chain…just concentrated in much bigger bodies, potentially much more biomass than in the Killer whales.  Two strategies exist in this case:  by eating at this level in this food chain, you can be small and extremely numerous or large and much less numerous–the biomass should be about the same.  I think there is a lesson here as the human population density soars above 6 billion people.  Can we continue to eat high on the food chain?

So why did all this make me ponder the end of the universe?  Because if energy continues to go from concentrated sources of energy to less concentrated sources (entropy), then eventually the universe will run down.  All the stars  and other energy systems will have dissipated their energy into heat, there will be no more people, spiders, planets, stars…nothing but a universe in which the energy is evenly distributed–the Heat Death of the Universe.

I was reading the paper today, and when I got to the funny papers (comics), I found an odd thing.  I kept seeing the same references to volunteerism and community service in many of the strips.  Below is a summary of what I found:

1. Garfield: “Today I volunteered to help clean up the city park.”
2. The Born Loser: girl volunteered to rake leaves for the born loser who had hurt his arm.
3. Stone Soup: woman building houses for charity in Thailand.  (I hate this strip and never read it…did this time for the survey).
4. Pickles: The old lady volunteered to read to schoolchildren.
5. Luann: A service “team” started at high school “Woohoo! Volunteers rule!”
6. Baby Blues: Children volunteered for too many projects.  “Ok, I got everything straightened out with your service coach.”
7. Pooch Cafe: Pooch volunteered to visit sick kid in hospital.
8. Dennis the Menace.  Dennis volunteered to wash the Wilson’s windows.  Sign read: “Volunteer to help others.”
9. Blondie:  Dagwood volunteered to help with a senior citizens’ project.
10. The Family Circus:  Kids helping out in the kitchen.  “Hi, Mommy!  Can I volunteer to be some ‘nother help?”
11. Marmuduke: He starts a homeless shelter for dogs in the house.

Eleven out of 22 comic strips dealt with volunteerism–50%!  “Ok,” I thought, “obviously it must be Volunteer Week or something like that.”  But no,  Volunteer Week was April 19-25.  What the heck is going on?  It must be something that has been in the news or perhaps being pushed by somebody…but for the life of me I have no idea what.  I have noticed this happening before–the comics suddenly dealing with a particular subject.

Ok, I just googled some more and may have found what is going on: “18 October: The media blitz has arrived.  As we reported, in June, the Entertainment Industry Foundation (EIF) announced a commitment to incorporate volunteering and service into both news programming and ongoing fictional television series beginning the week of October 19.   EIF has branded this effort as “iParticipate” and opened a Web site at www.iparticipate.org.  There you can learn about the initiative, keep up with a blog about it, and view video clips of celebrities answering the question, “how do you serve?”” http://www.energizeinc.com/news.html

Ok…it’s some sort of media blitz by the Entertainment Industry Foundation.  I guess it even involves the funny papers.  How does this work?  Do the comic strip writers receive their subject du jour from somebody, and they dutifully accomodate their strips to  promulgate the subject?

Why am I not thrilled?   Volunteerism is a good cause isn’t it?  And the media has been influencing us for years to buy products, etc.  Brainwashing for a good cause is good isn’t it?  Why does this leave a bad taste in my mouth?  (making mental note of those strips who participated and those who didn’t)

     It has been a dry summer here in the Pacific Northwest.  On my walks the voice of the small brook has gradually gotten quieter and quieter as the summer progressed.  I love to listen to it as I have written before, but it has recently become a dim ghost of itself.  First it became a trickle, then a whisper, and then I had to strain to hear anything at all.  Finally there came the day when it was silent.  For the first time in my memory the little stream became mute.  I was surprised at how much I missed its cheerful voice which has always lifted my spirits on my walks.

        Today there came a long soaking rain.  I watched the rain come down as I drank hot black coffee at my favorite coffee shop.   At times the rain came down very hard and I even saw a flash of lightning which is always a cause for comment in this weird part of the world.  The drops of rain made little bubbles in the puddles that swirled, and I watched as the bubbles floated along the pavement and down the drain.

   I was immediately transported back to a time when I was about four years old.  We were living in this house at 501 N. 10th St. in Waco, Texas, and I was on the back steps watching a heavy rain as it ran off the roof.  As the runoff hit the ground it made  large puddles with bubbles foating about.  The bubbles moved about in a mad sort of swirl which fascinated me.

     My young mother came out and watched the bubbles with me. “Men and women dancing!” she laughed.  For some reason this memory has stayed with me almost buried, but resurrected today after so many years, as I watched the first heavy rain of the Autumn here in the Northwest.

   The Grey Wolf (Canis lupus), almost hunted to near extinction in the lower forty-eight states, once again can be legally killed.  This has come about after the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service took the wolf off the endangered species list last May and will allow Idaho and Montana to reduce the wolf population down to 150 per state.  This will allow about two thirds of the areas wolves to be killed.  Over 11,000 tags  ($11.75 apiece) have been sold, but Tony McDermott, fish and game commisioner of the Panhandle area, estimated as many as 70,000 might be sold.  As of now two wolves have been killed today. 

     Listening to the reports on the radio and reading the accounts concerning this issue, I was struck by the vehemence exhibited by the hunters.  It was if they were on a holy mission.  Here are some of their remarks:

1.  Wolves kill elk wantonly and leave the meat to rot.  They are depleting the elk and deer herds. 

2.   Apparently some of these intense feelings against the wolves originate in fear.  Some fear that they need to be protected against a predator:  ”They’re running down the middle of the road in Lowman in the winter.”  Others indicate that now they won’t have to worry about their kids at the bus stop, or their pets, and that now they can go for a walk without carrying a gun.   

Are wolves really as dangerous as these people claim?  Are their fears justified?  Here’s the conclusion of two studies:

“The Linnell and McNay reports show that wolf attacks on people are very rare. The records they examined indicate that wolves have wounded and killed several hundreds of people, but given these attacks were over a period of centuries and throughout the northern hemisphere, wolf attacks are sparse and meagre. Only 17 cases of people killed by wolves were found in the last 50 or so years in the whole of North America, Europe and Russia - 17 people in a human population of roughly a billion people.”

Here is another person’s perspective commenting on these reports: 

“See this in perspective. About fifteen people are killed on average per year in horse riding accidents in England and Wales alone (Office for National Statistics). Horses are more dangerous than wolves.

Again, almost all the wolves in the US outside Alaska live in Minnesota. These 2,500 wolves have killed no one. Yet one or two people are killed each year in that state by the rarity of lightning strike (NOAA). Lightning is more dangerous than wolves.”   The writer goes on to claim that live stock depredation is greatly exaggerated, and that wolves can often live close to people with few problems.

Here is a conservationist’s viewpoint:

“The scheduled wolf hunts would cripple the regional wolf population by isolating wolves into disconnected subgroups incapable of genetic or ecological sustainability. The wolf hunts would also allow the killing of the breeding alpha male and female wolves, thereby disrupting the social group, leaving pups more vulnerable.”

No other endangered species has ever been delisted at such a low population level and then immediately hunted to even lower unsustainable levels.

The decision to hunt wolves comes as Yellowstone National Park wolves declined by 27 percent last year – one of the largest declines reported since wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone in 1995. The northern Rockies wolf population also has not achieved a level of connectivity between the greater Yellowstone, central Idaho, and northwest Montana areas that is essential to wolves’ long-term survival.

Wolves are still under federal protection in Wyoming because a federal court previously ruled that Wyoming’s hostile wolf-management scheme leaves wolves in “serious jeopardy.” The Fish and Wildlife Service in the recent past held that a state-by-state approach to delisting wolves was not permitted under the Endangered Species Act, but the federal government flip flopped on its earlier position and this year took wolves in Idaho and Montana off the endangered species list while leaving those in Wyoming on the list.

In addition to Wyoming, the states of Idaho and Montana have refused to make enforceable commitments to maintain viable wolf populations within their borders.”

Lots of hysterical claims have been made by those advocating the wolf hunts.  Personally I believe that they need to present more hard data to support their claims.

    I was recently watching this TV program on black holes.  As usual when I contemplate such things, I became slightly depressed.

    When a star which is about three times or more the mass of our sun reaches the end of its life, it collapses and in the process blows out a great mass of matter and energy creating a supernova.  What is left behind is so incredibly dense that the gravitational field that it creates traps even light itself from escaping—the black hole.

     Black holes come in many sizes.  Sometimes they coalesce, creating even larger black holes.  The evidence is pretty conclusive that the center of most galaxies is occupied by massive black holes.

    The program showed computer simulations of galactic collisons and close encounters that spanned eons (see here for some simulations).  The billions of stars in each galaxy in these simulations resembled dust motes that swirled and rotated about each other creating fantastic shapes before settling down to some sort of stable configuration.  Here is one interesting quote concerning the movement of galaxies:

It is speculated that a feeding frenzy occurs when large galaxies collide resulting in even more massive black holes.   It is believed that hundreds of thousands of smaller stellar black holes swarm about the massive galactic black hole subjecting the nearby star systems to a destruction derby which causes some stars to leave the galaxy entirely or causes it to fall into the massive center.

     Although our own Milky Way Galaxy has probably not consumed any large galaxies (smaller ones, yes :burp:), in about two billion years, Andromeda, our nearest large galaxy, and ours will begin to collide.  The massive black holes of each galaxy will coalesce to form one large super black hole that will consume incredible amounts of matter, igniting a new quasar.

   Now the thought of all this is totally fascinating in some respects.  The idea of billions of galaxies  inexorably following the laws of physics…matter and energy interacting in such spectacular ways fascinates and enthralls one’s imagination.

   But then my imagination swerves off on a tangent.  I think of the crowded galactic center, probably having large numbers of older stars than what is found out near the rim.  Many of these older solar systems very likely have life forms on their planets.  A certain small percentage, amounting to thousands when we consider these large numbers, very possibly supports intelligent life forms.

    I think of these intelligent beings contemplating their fate, watching their own star system begin it’s inexorable slide toward the maw of the great ravening beast at the galactic center.  I think of the panic, the frantic plans to save the race, possibly sending out colony ships.  I think of those left behind perhaps having the time to develop a philosophy of resignation to prepare themselves for the inevitible end. 

    I think of this happening thousands of times over the millions and billions of years that is involved in the process.   I think of these civilizations, unique in their outlook and philosophies…lost forever.

     And if this isn’t bad enough, I think of the implications.  I think of sentient beings living on  infitesimal motes of dust, coming into being, surviving and ultimately wending their way to extinction in a blind, uncaring universe of interacting energy and matter.

      Sometimes this is disturbing when I ponder upon it.  

     Then I begin to think of the relative nature of it all.  The life of man compared to the 14 billion year age of our universe, the almost four billion years that have passed since the origins of life on earth, the gradual evolution of life eventually resulting in me pondering such things.  

     And then moments like this morning as I walked through fog and mist, my face upturned, feeling the cool droplets on my face, listening to the foghorns and the sound of small birds in the forest through which I passed. 

     Perhaps we create our own caring, our own warm little niche in this universal howling wilderness.

    Thank the good Lord for  small things, I think…to heck with the long view.

       I had an unusually uplifting experience yesterday–I was able to repair a defective coffee maker!   I purchased the Mr. Coffee back in June, and it has proved to be an excellent coffee brewer.  I have always had a favorable impression with this brand.  We have used it where I work for many years and have never had a single malfunction despite heavy use.  I also knew one person who always bought a Mr. Coffee brewer at Sears and who purchased the service contract at the same time.  He was a heavy coffee drinker and had the pot on just about every day all day.   With this heavy usage the heating element usually gave out after about a year or two, but he was always able to get a new coffee brewer from Sears for free because of the agreement.  He did this for many years.

     I just recently returned from my Texas hadj and tried brewing coffee last Friday for the first time.  I left the room and came back later to find that none of the coffee had gone into the pot!  Fortunately the coffee maker was in a wide tray and all the coffee had run out and collected in the tray.  Since I didn’t want to waste the coffee, and since I knew that I would spill the coffee if I attempted to lift the flexible plastic tray and pour it into the carafe, I got a straw and sucked the coffee up one straw full at a time and transferred it to the coffee pot until the level in the tray had gone down far enough so I could safely lift it without spilling it.

     Upon examination I found that there was a lever which was pushed back when the coffee pot was put onto the hot plate.  When pushed back, the lever pressed up against this valve which opened and allowed the coffee in the basket which contained the grounds to flow through.  The coffee flowed straight down which unfortunately caused it to flow down on the outside of the coffee pot instead of into it.

     After much experimentation I found that there was no way that the coffee could flow down into the pot.  It invariably flowed on the outside of the pot and then onto the countertop.    I found that coffee leaking out onto the counter top  seemed to be a common complaint with coffee brewers.  It was very frustrating since the coffee brewer had worked like a charm until it suddenly began to malfunction.

     Then I found this little plastic dohickey in the dish washer.  I couldn’t figure out where it had come from, until I finally figured out that it snapped up under the basket and the release valve.  It was a little plastic “chute” that directed the coffee into the center of the coffee pot as it was released from the basket holding the coffee grounds.  This was the reason that the coffee was running straight down along the side of the coffee pot; there was no chute that directed the coffee to the proper position!

     I snapped the chute into position and the Mr. Coffee brewer worked perfectly!  For some reason I felt unusually elated at this little triumph.  I had gone online the night before searching for a solution to no avail.  I had even dreamed about it, and almost dreaded getting up yesterday morning because I knew that I had to work on the danged thing and didn’t have a clue where to begin.

    I began to think of how small this little victory was compared to more significant achievements that might have been performed by my ancestors in the past:  “Hey look I made fire with a stick!”  “I scared the saber tooth away from the campfire last night!”  “I finished plowing the back forty with the old mule!”  “I skinned 14 buffalo yesterday!”   All this compared to: “I found the plastic dohickey that fixed the coffee maker!” 

    I don’t care…I still feel good about it!

P.S.  If you don’t understand what I said above perhaps this excerpt from Mr. Coffee, Inc. will clarify things: (http://www.patents.com/Mr-Coffee-Inc/Bedford-Heights/OH/1307733/company/).

     I am reading The Drawing of the Dark by Tim Powers for the second time and have been struck again by just how much I like and admire his novels.   I have read and re-read his books since discovering them years ago, and they never fail to entertain and enthrall me.

      Every time that I read one of his books I am tempted to sit down and devour it as soon as possible, but I try to strictly limit myself.  I try to stretch it out as long as possible, like a wonderful meal, savoring every aspect of it.  Anything really good in my opinion is worth taking one’s time with–and Tim Power’s books are very, very good.

     His books could be labeled fantasy I suppose, or science fiction, but these labels really don’t do his books justice.  Often his novels deal with historical events with the supernatural thrown in.  His history is exact, but it is interpreted in his own unique sort of way.

     It probably doesn’t matter in what order the books are read, but I would definitely read these three in order since they are sequels: Last Call, Expiration Date and Earthquake Weather.  These three books are a must read if you are interested in Tim Powers, although all of the others are very good.

     The Anubis Gates is such an incredible and disturbing book that I limit my reading of it because parts of it are actually painful to me.

    If you are interested in unique and strange stories, you must read the novels of Tim Powers.

     When mankind contemplates the infinite, and ponders upon origins, he is often led to the conclusion, or hope, that there is meaning in the interplay of the natural forces that he sees about himself.

     And the concept of a Creator of everything, while uplifting, can be intimidating also.  To whom does one direct one’s prayers and supplications in the hope that that great All is not entirely oblivious and uncaring to the goings on of conscious beings?  How can one presume upon such a high being?

     The Catholics seem to have decided to not importune the High Creator so much, but to call upon lesser deities such as angels and the saints which they have determined can intercede for people.  Other religions have populated the cosmos with small gods also.

    This can be seen in the beliefs of the ancient Greeks, Hinduism and Shinto, and Sumer and many others, with the beliefs in many gods.  Shinto for example populates natural objects with spirits or kami.  Such beliefs people the natural world with spirits and essences, the spirit of a spring, or a boulder, a valley, mountains, etc.

     Thus one can possibly achieve one’s needs by consulting a lesser deity without bothering the supreme being